For prostate, problems with urinating, including a slow, weak stream & more frequent

For testicular cancer, lump or swelling in the testicle

For penile cancer, area of thickening skin or lump, ulcer, rash or growths

Lower back or groin pain

Shortness of breath

Weight loss

Fatigue

Blood in the urine

Lower back pain

Changes in urination including frequency, weak stream & pain/irritation

Fever that is not caused by infection & doesn’t go away

Fatigue

Loss of appetite

Weight loss

Anemia

Men should discuss screening with their doctor to make an informed decision.

For men at average risk, screening should be considered starting at age 50.

For African-American men, screening should begin at 45.

If a father or brother has prostate cancer, screening should begin at 45.

Fatigue

Screening should include PSA blood test with or without rectal exam.

Subsequent testing will depend on PSA level.

Very-low-risk group are considered unlikely to grow, with or without treatment.

Low-risk group is considered unlikely to spread to distant sites.

Favorable intermediate-risk group is considered slightly more likely to grow and spread.

Unfavorable intermediate-risk group is likely to grow and spread.

High- or very-high-risk group is very likely to grow and spread.

Metastatic: cancer cells have grown beyond the prostate into nearby lymph nodes or spread to distant sites.

Metastatic: prostate cancer cells have spread to distant sites; stage IV.

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common kind of kidney cancer.

Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common bladder cancer.

Small cell lung cancer accounts for 10-15% of lung cancers.

In situ: pre-invasive cancer that has not grown into surrounding tissue; stage 0

Stages I-II: cancers that haven’t spread outside the tissue of the kidney or bladder.

Stage III: the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes.

Metastatic: the cancer cells have spread to distant sites; stage IV.