What is Autism?

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition that affects how a person communicates, interacts and processes the world around them.

While autism can present differently in every individual, there are common signs that may appear during early childhood. These can include difficulty with communication, limited interest in play or social interaction, challenging behaviors and sensory processing difficulties.

Recognizing these signs early and seeking appropriate help can make a big difference in a child’s life. Research has shown that the earlier a child begins receiving help, the better their outcomes are in the long run. This is because a young child’s brain is still developing, making it more adaptable to learning new skills and forming connections.

Common Signs

It is important to understand that not all children with suspected or diagnosed autism will present the same.

Some of the more common and frequently reported signs of autism in early childhood include:

• Delayed speech or language skills – a child may experience a sudden regression or not show typically emerging skills such as babbling, pointing or using appropriate gestures and words to indicate their basic wants and needs
• Difficulty with play – a child may prefer isolated play and have difficulty understanding social cues and norms, instead of showing interest toward playing with others
• Repetitive behaviors – a child displays repetitive behavioral or play tendencies, such as rocking/pacing back and forth, lining up items or flapping hands
• Sensitivity or aversion to sensory input and experiences – a child may show an adverse response to certain textures (picky eater), sounds, movement or lights
• Limited eye contact – a child may avoid making direct eye contact with others during interactions or seem uninterested in interacting with others
• Delayed ADL (activities of daily living) skills – children with autism are frequently delayed in developing ADL or “self-help” skills, including toilet training, dressing and feeding

Seeking Help Matters

Occupational therapy can improve a child’s cognitive, social, behavioral, developmental and self-help skills needed to complete daily activities.

Physical therapy can improve a child’s awareness and safety when navigating and exploring his or her daily environments by addressing balance, coordination, strength and agility.

Speech therapy can improve a child’s ability to communicate and interact with others, both verbally and non-verbally, for improved socialization.

Supplemental therapies can also benefit the child and family, including:

• Applied behavioral analysis
• Cognitive behavioral therapy
• Parent-child interactive therapy

Supporting Your Child

If you are concerned about your child’s behaviors or development, talk to your pediatrician at your child’s next well child appointment. Remember, the earlier the better when it comes to identifying delays, challenges and needs. With the right tools and support, every child has the potential to grow and achieve his or her goals.